Must know basic Linux commands

Linux is an open-source operating system with a huge number of distributions, some of them:

• Ubuntu

• Linux Mint

• CentOS

• Fedora

• Debian

Most of these operating systems have a graphical interface that provides a wealth of features, but the greatest power of Linux comes with the use of a command-line interface (CLI)

For this reason, it is useful to know some of the most common Linux CLI commands.

Commands for working with files

cd command

Many times, we can change the active directory we are currently working with. This is done with the cd command.

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cd /home/user/folder1
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# Current directory will be /home/user/folder1

ls command

The ls command is used to display the contents of the current directory.

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ls
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# Output example
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Desktop Documents Downloads Music Public
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Temp .gitconfig
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ls -R # list all the files in the sub-directories
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ls -a # show hidden files
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ls -al # list all info's about a file (size, owner ...)

pwd command

The command tells us which is the currently active directory.

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pwd # return the current directory
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# output example
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/home/user/folder1

cat command

Perhaps the most commonly used command in Linux, as it allows you to create, combine files.

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cat > file # create file with name file in current directory
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cat file1 file2 > file3 # joins file1 and file2 and create output file3 in current directory

cp command

cp command disables copying a file from the current directory to another.

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cp document.txt /home/user/Documents # copy document.txt from current directory to folder called Documents

mv command

mv allows you to move files.

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mv document.txt / home / username / Documents # move document.txt from current directory to folder called Documents

You can also rename files with this command.

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mv oldname.txt newname.txt # rename file from oldname.txt to newname.txt in the current directory

mkdir command

This command creates new folders.

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mkdir Archive / Documents # create folder called Documents from current directory
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mkdir -p Archive / 2021 / Documents # create folder 2021 between folders Archive and Documents

rmdir and rm command

Commands can be used to delete folders.

With rmdir we can only delete empty folders.

With rm, you can delete the entire folder (check before use because it is not possible to restore the deletion).

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rmdir NotusefulFolder # remove NotusefullFolder (it is empty) from the current directory
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rm Folders / NotInUse # remove all files and folders in folder NotInUse from the current directory
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rm -r NotUsefulFolder # command equal to rmdir

touch command

The command allows you to create new files.

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touch file.txt # create a file in the current directory

find command

Used to search for a specific file.

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find

cat command

This command allows us to print the contents of a file.

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cat

head command

Display us the first 10 lines of the file.

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head file.txt

tree command

Return filesystem directory tree.

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tree

Setup commands

sudo command

Abbreviation for “SuperUser Do”, with this command we can execute commands that require administrative authority.

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sudo <SOME_ACTION> # In the next step you must input the password for the root/admin user

df command

Shows us disk usage in KB and percent.

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df # Return disk usage in KB
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df -m # Return disk usage in MB

kill command

The Kill command allows you to stop a specific process.

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ps # return list of active processes
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kill 11111 #kill process with PID 11111

zip and unzip commands

They allow us to create compressed zip files and expand zip files.

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unzip zipped_file.zip # command unzip zipped_file.zip file

ping command

The command is used in most cases when we want to check if a device is active on the network

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ping hashnode.com

hostname command

The command tells us the name of the device

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hostname # return hostname of the device
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# example output
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server

useradd and passwd command

useradd allows us to create a new user. Passwd allows us to change or set a password.

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useradd NewUserName # create new user
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userdel UserName # delete user
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passwd UserName # can set a password if doesn't exist or change if exists

wget command

A very useful command to download files.

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wget DownloadFileURL # download file in current directory

free command

After giving us the amount of memory used.

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free -h # return usage of memory - RAM (human-friendly numbers and units)

shutdown and reboot command

Simple commands - the sessions already name what they learn.

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shutdown # shutdown computer
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reboot # reboot computer

Maybe if you have read in detail and gotten to know the Windows terminal, then you have noticed some commands are the same.

Of course, there are even more of these commands, but I mentioned the most commonly used ones. If I forgot any, and you find it important to use in Linux, mention them in the comments 😊.